Myths About Photovoltaics – Facts vs. Popular Opinions

Photovoltaics is gaining popularity every year, but many myths and misconceptions still surround it. In this article, we debunk the most common claims using verified data and industry analysis.

MYTH 1: Solar Panels Only Work in Full Sunlight

✅ FACT: Photovoltaic systems generate energy even on cloudy days.
Systemy fotowoltaiczne generują energię nawet w pochmurne dni.

While PV panels achieve their highest efficiency in direct sunlight, they do not stop working on cloudy days. Modern modules can generate electricity even under diffused light, though at a lower rate. In countries like Germany and the UK, where sunlight is less intense, photovoltaics perform well and are a significant part of the energy mix.

Technical Data: The average annual energy production from a 1 kWp installation in Poland is 950–1100 kWh, while in Germany, it is 900–1000 kWh, despite Germany having lower solar radiation levels.

MYTH 2: Solar Panels Degrade Quickly and Lose Efficiency

✅ FACT: Modern panels have a long lifespan and maintain high efficiency even after 25–30 years.

Today’s PV modules are designed for long-term performance. Leading manufacturers guarantee that after 25 years of use, panels will retain around 80–90% of their initial power. High-quality monocrystalline modules can operate efficiently for 30–40 years.

Technical Data: The annual efficiency loss of solar panels is approximately 0.3–0.5%, meaning that after 25 years, their efficiency will still be around 80–90% of the initial power output.

MYTH 3: Installing Solar Panels Isn’t Worth It Because Electricity Bills Don’t Decrease

✅ FACT: A well-designed PV system can reduce electricity bills by up to 80–90%.

A properly sized and designed photovoltaic installation can significantly lower energy costs. In a net-billing system, owners can sell excess energy back to the grid and later repurchase it at lower rates. Systems equipped with energy storage solutions provide even greater savings, allowing stored electricity to be used at night.

Economic Data: The payback period for a PV installation is typically 6–8 years, and with government subsidies or tax incentives, it can be even shorter.

MYTH 4: Solar Panels Don’t Work in Winter

✅ FACT: Photovoltaics operate year-round, though energy production is lower in winter.

PV panels function even in cold temperatures— in fact, they can be more efficient in winter since they don’t overheat. Shorter days and lower sunlight levels reduce overall production, but the system still generates electricity.

Technical Data: During winter months, solar energy production is about 10–15% of summer values, but a properly sized system ensures that annual production meets energy needs.

MYTH 5: Solar Panels Are Harmful to the Environment

✅ FACT: PV panels are one of the most eco-friendly renewable energy technologies.

Although solar panel production generates CO₂ emissions, the amount of CO₂ saved during 2–3 years of operation exceeds the emissions created during manufacturing. At the end of their lifespan, solar modules can be recycled—over 90% of the materials, including glass, aluminum, and silicon, can be reused.

Environmental Data: A single photovoltaic panel reduces CO₂ emissions by 900–1200 kg per year, equivalent to planting about 50 trees.

Conclusion
Photovoltaics is a proven and cost-effective technology that significantly reduces electricity bills and contributes to environmental protection. Many myths about solar energy come from outdated information or incorrect assumptions. Instead of relying on popular opinions, it’s best to base decisions on reliable data and real user experiences.